Igiciro cyimashini nubwubatsi rusange ni kinini cyane, dukeneye rero gufata neza imashini zubaka no kongera igihe cyacyo.
Usibye kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa nibintu byangiza, imizigo isanzwe yakazi nayo igomba kubahirizwa mugihe ukoresheje imashini zubaka. Hasi, umwanditsi azaguha intangiriro irambuye:
1. Menya neza imirimo isanzwe
Ingano na kamere yumurimo wakazi wimashini zubaka zigira ingaruka zikomeye kubikorwa byo gutakaza imashini. Muri rusange, kwambara ibice byiyongera ugereranije no kwiyongera k'umutwaro. Iyo umutwaro utwarwa nibigize urenze igipimo cyagereranijwe cyo gushushanya, kwambara biziyongera. Mubyongeyeho, mubindi bihe bimwe, umutwaro uhamye ufite kwambara gake, amakosa make, no kubaho igihe gito ugereranije numutwaro ufite imbaraga. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko iyo moteri ikora munsi yumutwaro utajegajega ugereranije numutwaro uhamye, kwambara silinderi yayo biziyongera inshuro ebyiri. Moteri ikora munsi yumutwaro usanzwe ifite igipimo cyo kunanirwa no kuramba. Ibinyuranye na byo, moteri iremereye ifite ubwiyongere bugaragara mu makosa no kugabanuka igihe cyo kubaho ugereranije n'ibishushanyo mbonera. Imashini zikunze gukorerwa impinduka nini yimitwaro ifite kwambara no kurira kuruta imashini zikora ubudahwema kandi zihamye
2. Kugabanya ingaruka zitandukanye
Ikintu cyo hejuru yicyuma cyangijwe nubushakashatsi bwimiti cyangwa amashanyarazi hamwe nibitangazamakuru bikikije byitwa ruswa. Izi ngaruka zibora ntabwo zigira ingaruka gusa kumikorere isanzwe yibikoresho byo hanze yimashini, ahubwo binangiza ibice byimbere byimashini. Imiti nkamazi yimvura numwuka yinjira imbere yimashini zinyuze mumiyoboro yo hanze no mu cyuho, kwangiriza imbere ibice bigize imashini, kwihutisha kwambara, no kongera kunanirwa kwa mashini. Bitewe nuko izo ngaruka zibora rimwe na rimwe zitagaragara cyangwa zidakoraho, zirirengagizwa byoroshye bityo zikangiza cyane. Mu gihe cyo gukoresha, abayobozi n’abakoresha bagomba gufata ingamba zifatika zishingiye ku bihe by’ikirere cyaho ndetse n’umwanda uhumanya ikirere icyo gihe kugira ngo bagabanye ingaruka ziterwa na chimique ku mashini, hibandwa ku gukumira kwinjiza amazi y’imvura n’ibigize imiti mu kirere mu kirere imashini, no kugabanya ibikorwa mumvura bishoboka.
3. Kugabanya ingaruka zumwanda
Imyanda ya mashini muri rusange yerekeza kubintu bitari ubutare nkumukungugu nubutaka, hamwe na chip zimwe zicyuma kandi zambara ibicuruzwa byakozwe nimashini zubwubatsi mugihe zikoreshwa. Iyo umwanda umaze kwinjira imbere yimashini hanyuma ukagera hagati yubusabane bwimashini, ibyangiritse ni ngombwa. Ntibibuza gusa kugenda no kwihutisha kwambara ibice, ahubwo binashushanya hejuru yubukwe, byangiza firime yamavuta, kandi bituma ubushyuhe bwibice buzamuka, bigatuma amavuta yo kwisiga yangirika.
Hapimwe ko iyo umwanda wubukanishi mu gusiga wiyongereye kugera kuri 0.15%, igipimo cyo kwambara impeta ya piston ya mbere ya moteri kizikuba inshuro 2,5 kurenza agaciro gasanzwe; Iyo uruziga ruzunguruka rwinjiye mu mwanda, igihe cyarwo kizagabanukaho 80% -90%. Kubwibyo, kumashini yubwubatsi ikorera mubidukikije bikaze kandi bigoye, birakenewe gukoresha ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge kandi bihuye, amavuta, hamwe namavuta kugirango uhagarike inkomoko yanduye; Icya kabiri, birakenewe gukora akazi keza mukurinda imashini ahakorerwa kugirango harebwe niba uburyo bukwiye bushobora gukora bisanzwe no gukumira umwanda utandukanye winjira mumashini. Kumashini zakoze nabi, gerageza ujye ahantu hasanzwe hasanwa. Mugihe cyo gusana aho, hagomba kandi gufatwa ingamba zo gukingira kugirango ibice byasimbuwe bitanduzwa n’umwanda nkumukungugu mbere yo kwinjira mumashini.
4. Kugabanya ingaruka zubushyuhe
Mubikorwa, ubushyuhe bwa buri kintu kigira urwego rwarwo rusanzwe. Kurugero, ubushyuhe bwamazi akonje muri rusange ni 80-90 and, naho ubushyuhe bwamavuta ya hydraulic muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza hydraulic ni 30-60 ℃. Niba iguye munsi cyangwa irenze iyi ntera, bizihutisha kwambara ibice, bitera amavuta nabi, kandi bitera impinduka mubintu.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kwambara ibikoresho nyamukuru byohereza no gutwara imashini zitandukanye zubaka byiyongera inshuro 10-12 mugihe ukora muri -5 oil amavuta yo kwisiga ugereranije no gukora mumavuta 3 ℃ amavuta. Ariko iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, bizihutisha kwangirika kwamavuta yo gusiga. Kurugero, iyo ubushyuhe bwamavuta burenze 55-60 ℃, igipimo cya okiside yamavuta kizikuba kabiri kuri 5 ℃ kwiyongera kwubushyuhe bwa peteroli. Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo gukoresha imashini zubaka, birakenewe gukumira ibikorwa birenze urugero kubushyuhe buke, kwemeza imikorere isanzwe mugihe cyo gushyushya umuvuduko muke, no kwemerera imashini kugera kubushyuhe bwagenwe mbere yo gutwara cyangwa gukora. Ntukirengagize uruhare rwayo kuko ntakibazo kiriho icyo gihe; Icya kabiri, birakenewe kubuza imashini gukora mubushyuhe bwinshi. Mugihe cyimikorere yimashini, birakenewe kugenzura kenshi indangagaciro kubipimo bitandukanye byubushyuhe. Niba hari ibibazo bibonetse, imashini igomba guhita ifungwa kugirango igenzurwe kandi amakosa yose agomba gukemurwa vuba. Kubadashobora kubona icyabiteye muri iki gihe, ntibagomba gukomeza gukora batavuwe. Mu kazi ka buri munsi, witondere kugenzura imikorere ya sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Kumashini ikonjesha amazi, birakenewe kugenzura no kongeramo amazi akonje mbere yakazi ka buri munsi; Kumashini zikonjesha ikirere, birakenewe kandi guhora dusukura umukungugu kuri sisitemu ikonjesha ikirere kugirango habeho imiyoboro ikwirakwiza neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-28-2023