Iserukiramuco

Iserukiramuco nimwe muminsi mikuru gakondo kubashinwa ndetse numuryango wisi yose. Dore incamake irambuye yumunsi mukuru wimpeshyi:

I. Inkomoko yamateka nubwihindurize

• Umunsi mukuru w'impeshyi waturutse ku mugenzo wa kera wo gusengera umusaruro mwiza mu ntangiriro z'umwaka. Numunsi mukuru uhuza ibintu byo gukuraho abakera kandi ukaha ikaze abakurambere bashya, gusenga, gusengera amahirwe menshi no kwirinda ibibi, kwiyongera kwumuryango, kwizihiza umuryango, imyidagaduro, no kurya.
• Mugihe cyiterambere ryamateka nubwihindurize, kubera impinduka mu mpaka na kalendari, itariki yumwaka mushya itandukanye. Ariko, mu mwaka wa mbere w'umwami w'abami WU ku ngoma ya Taichyu (104 mbere, abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere, "bashiraho umunsi wa mbere w'ukwezi kwambere nkintangiriro yumwaka. Kuva icyo gihe, imyaka irenga ibihumbi bibiri, nubwo abami bake bagerageza guhindura ikirangaminsi no gutangira umwaka, kalendari y'izuba yakoreshejwe.
• Mu ngoro y'Iburasirazuba, hari inyandiko zanditse zibitambo mu ntangiriro z'umwaka. Mugihe cya Wei na Jin Jin, inyandiko zanditse zimigenzo yo kumara umwaka mushya wagaragaye. Kuva kuri Tang na Pernastie ku mpande za Ming na Qing, imigenzo y'imiryango y'impeshyi yagiye mu mayira yagiye buhoro buhoro. Kurugero, mugihe cya tang ingoma, "Ikarita yo Kuramutsa umwaka mushya" yagaragaye, kandi mugihe cyindirimbo imiti, abantu batangajwe na filworks kugirango bakore "imirongo ya firecker" (ni ukuvuga firecrackers). Mugihe cy'imitwe ya ming, ahabwa imana yigikoni, akitange ama mana z'umuryango, kandi yishimira iminsi mikuru y'umwaka mushya ku munsi wa cumi na gatanu w'ukwezi kwa mbere byari bimaze cyane cyane. Mu ngoma ya Qing, kwizihiza urukiko rw'umwaka mushya, kandi umwami wese yari afite umuco wo kwandika "fu" kandi abishyikiriza abayobozi be.
• Nyuma yo gushingwa muri Repubulika y'Ubushinwa, kugira ngo "ikurikira ikibazo cy'ubuhinzi no koroshya imibare," yahisemo gukoresha Kalendari y'u Rwanda, naho 1 Mutarama Kalendari ya Gregori yagenwe nk '"umunsi mukuru." Guhera mu 1914, umunsi gakondo "Umunsi mushya" wahinduwe kumugaragaro "Iserukiramuco."

II. Akamaro k'umunsi mukuru

• Gukomeza Amateka n'imigenzo: Ibirori byimpeshyi byerekana intangiriro yumwaka mushya, kandi abantu bahirizihiza kugirango bibuke amateka kandi bazunguze kandi bateze imbere umuco gakondo wigihugu cy'Ubushinwa.
• Guhura n'umuryango nubushyuhe: Ibirori byimpeshyi nigihe cyingenzi cyo guterana mumuryango umwaka wose. Tutitaye aho bari, abantu bazagerageza uko bashoboye kugirango basubire murugo kandi bamarane n'imiryango yabo. Ikirere cyongeye guhura cyimbitse ubumwe hagati yabagize umuryango no kuzamura imyumvire yabo kandi koko mumuryango.
• Umugisha nicyizere gishya: Mugihe cyo gusezerana ku ba kera no gutura mu gishya, abantu bazakora ibitambo bitandukanye n'ibikorwa bya gihanishwa, gusenga, ubuzima, n'ubworoherane mu mwaka mushya. Umunsi mukuru w'impeshyi nawo ni intangiriro nshya, kuzana abantu bidashoboka hamwe n'ibyiringiro.
• Guhanahana umuco no gukwirakwizwa: Hamwe n'iterambere ry'isi, ibirori by'impeshyi ntabwo byahindutse umunsi mukuru w'Ubushinwa gusa ahubwo ni ibintu ku isi hose. Mu munsi mukuru w'impeshyi buri mwaka, ibikorwa bitandukanye byo kwizihiza bibera ku isi, bibereka igikundiro cy'umuco w'Abashinwa no guteza imbere kungurana ibitekerezo no kwishyira hamwe hagati y'Ubushinwa n'ibihugu by'amahanga.
• Gutera imbere mu bukungu no kuzamurwa mu ntera: Mu munsi mukuru w'impeshyi buri mwaka, icyifuzo cy'akabiri kiyongera cyane, gitwara iterambere n'iterambere ry'inganda zitandukanye no gukora ubukungu bwihariye "."

III. Imigenzo

• Gutanga ibitambo ku Mana: uzwi kandi nk '"Umwaka mushya," bibaho ku munsi wa 23 cyangwa wa 24 k'ukwezi kwa 12. Abantu bazashira bombo, amazi meza, ibishyimbo, n'andi maturo imbere yigikoni cyImana kandi bashongeze ko azavugana mu gikoni, akingira ko azavuga neza igihe azatangariza umwami umuryango ufite amahoro.
• Umukungugu woroshye: Umugani ujya, "Ku munsi wa 24 wo mukwezi kwa 12, uhanagura inzu." Imiryango izeza ibidukikije, koza ibikoresho, no gusenya no gukaraba uburiri, umwenda, ibiryo, ushushanya "no kuzana amahirwe mashya n'ubukene.
• Gutegura umwaka mushya: guhera ku munsi wa 25 w'ukwezi kwa 12, abantu bazagura ibintu bitandukanye bikenewe mu mwaka mushya kugira ngo bategure indyo, imyidagaduro, n'imitako, n'imitako, no gucika intege mu gihe cy'ibirori by'impeshyi.
• Kohereza ibirori byimpeshyi hamwe nimana yumuryango: Abantu bazahitamo isonga ryimvura itukura zihuriweho kugirango bashyire ku miryango yabo, bongeraho ibirori byo kwizihiza umunsi mukuru. Muri icyo gihe, imana ebyiri, nk'imana ebyiri, nka Shen Tu na Lei, Qin Shubao na Yu Chigong, bazagwa ku irembo ry'ikibi kugira ngo bakureho imyuka mibi kandi bazane amahoro n'umutekano umwaka wose.
• Umwaka mushya wa nimugoroba: uzwi kandi nka nimugoroba wo guhura, ni ifunguro rya nimugoroba ryumwaka mushya. Umuryango wose uteranya hamwe mugitondo cyiza, ushushanya guhura, umunezero, nibiteganijwe byiza mumwaka utaha.
• Kumara kutinda mu mwaka mushya: Mu ijoro ryo ku mwaka mushya, umuryango wose urateranya kugira ngo ugumane ijoro ryose, utegereje umwanya wo gusezera kuri Kera kandi utegereje kwirukana imyuka mibi, irashushanya Indwara kandi witeze umwaka mushya kandi mwiza.
• Gutanga amafaranga yumwaka mushya: Abakuru bazaha amafaranga kubisekuru byabasore, bivugwa ko bashoboye imyuka mibi no kwemeza ko abakiri bato bafite umwaka utekanye kandi woroshye.
• Ndabaramukije umwaka mushya: abantu babyuka kare, bambara imyenda mishya, batwike imibavu yo kwishyura, basenga ijuru n'isi, abakurambere, hanyuma basuhuza abasaza. Nyuma yibyo, abavandimwe n'inshuti z'umuryango umwe nabo bazahanagura tubishimiye. Byongeye kandi, abakobwa bubatse bazazana abagabo babo kandi abana babo mu rugo rw'ababyeyi babo gusura, bakunze kwita "kwakira umunsi w'umukuru w'umuhungu."

Byongeye kandi, hariho imigenzo n'ibikorwa bitandukanye nko guhaguruka umuriro mu ntangiriro z'umwaka mushya, kuvugwa cyane, kohereza imyuka, no kurya imipira y'umuceri. Iyi migenzo n'ibikorwa ntabwo bikungahaza ibisobanuro byumuco gusa byumunsi mukuru wimpeshyi ariko nikongereho ibirori byumunsi mukuru Ntabwo ari igice cyingenzi mumico gakondo gakondo yigitere cyinshi ariko nanone umwanya wingenzi kugirango abantu bashyire ibyiringiro byabo, bishimire guhura, kandi basenge umwaka mushya.